What are nerve agents primarily designed to inhibit?

Nerve agents are primarily designed to inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase in motor nerve pathways. Cholinesterase is crucial for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. When nerve agents inhibit this enzyme, excess acetylcholine accumulates, leading to continuous stimulation of muscle fibers and autonomic system disruptions. This results in severe physiological effects, including muscle paralysis, respiratory failure, and potentially death.

The role of cholinesterase is vital in normal muscle function and the regulation of nerve signals; its inhibition by nerve agents fundamentally disrupts communication between nerves and muscles, causing widespread and rapid bodily reactions. Understanding this mechanism is essential for both treatment protocols and the development of countermeasures against nerve agent exposure.