What is required to stop Gamma rays and X-rays effectively?

Gamma rays and X-rays are forms of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, which possess the ability to penetrate various materials. To effectively stop or attenuate these rays, materials with high atomic numbers and density are required.

Lead is particularly effective in shielding against gamma rays and X-rays due to its high density and atomic number (82). When gamma rays and X-rays interact with lead, the likelihood of the radiation being absorbed or scattered increases, effectively reducing their intensity. This is crucial in medical and industrial settings where radiation exposure must be minimized for safety.

In contrast, materials like plastic, glass, and paper lack the necessary density and atomic structure to provide substantial shielding against these types of radiation. Therefore, while they may attenuate low-energy radiation to some extent, they are not suitable for effectively stopping gamma rays and X-rays. Lead remains the preferred choice for radiation protection due to its effectiveness and availability.